Seismic methods

GEOL463

Types of Seismic Surveys

Start with regional 2-D reconnaissance lines

Following the initial discovery – detailed 2-D or 3-D

Repeated 3-D surveys (“time-lapse”, or 4-D) for monitoring changes in the area during production

For best survey planning:

nIn most cases, need to have a good idea about the target

nUse computerized pre-acquisition modelling

Key considerations:

nFor 2-D – lines should be oriented across-strike of the target structures

nCost – minimize the number of source points

nAchieve sufficient multiplicity (“fold”) of coverage

nAchieve uniformity of coverage of the target horizons

n“Undershoot” obstacles and survey edges

nAchieve adequate resolution and fidelity

nReduce the acquisition footprint (especially important in 3-D)